CONFLICT ANALYSIS & RESOLUTION / POLITICAL SCIENCE SEMINAR
De Facto Power, Democracy, and Taxation: Evidence from Military Occupation during Reconstruction
MARIO CHACON
(NYU UNIVERSITY ABU DHABI)
APRIL 11, 2019 14:30-16:00
FASS 2034
Abstract: How important is the enforcement of political rights in new democracies? We use the enfranchisement of the emancipated slaves following the American Civil War to study these questions. Critical to our strategy, black suffrage was externally enforced by the U.S. Army in ten Southern states during Reconstruction. We employ a triple-difference model to estimate the joint impact of enfranchisement and its enforcement on taxation. We find that occupied counties where black voters comprised larger shares of the electorate levied higher taxes compared to similar non-occupied counties. These counties later experienced greater declines in fiscal revenues after the troops were withdrawn. We also demonstrate that in occupied counties, black politicians were more likely to be elected, and political murders by white supremacist groups occurred less frequently. These findings provide evidence on the key role of federal troops in limiting the political capture of Southern elites and allowing the effective representation of previously disfranchised constituencies.
